Per
loophole system exploited by professionals to discredit the victims,
how many of the systems penetrated and how many crimes of all kinds
committed and how many accounts were stolen, in this investigation, co
hacker in several things most important to a completely different and
diverse crimes, most leaking information Bachteragahm systems and steal
billions and even help the needy and the poor as he did, "Hamza bin Edge" Algerian hacker .. and
monitor the months and the most dangerous hackers systems in the world,
including the West hold different nationalities, including other Arab
nationalities were able to, whether Arabs or West.
Kevin Mitnick
Kevin is one of the most famous names, especially for Internet
companies and the world of computers and network security, the most
famous pirate letter appeared so far and more hackers are dangerous
since the advent of computers to the point that it became the first
Pirate computer pictures are placed among the most-wanted list of the
FBI.
Has
been described and Zarhh US Justice that «most computer criminals
request in the history of United States of America», where Kevin
penetrate the computer systems of the largest technology and
communications companies in the world including Nokia, Motorola, and
after a lot of efforts by the FBI was arrested in 1995 and the timely recognition with numerous of the charges against him
within the bargaining agreement with the government, and spent according
to the agreement a prison sentence of 5 years, to be released
unconditionally in 2000 and runs a security consulting for the computer
desk.
Vladimir Levin Vladimir Levin
Vladimir
Hacker of Jews in Russia studied the technology at the University of
Pittsburgh, and is one of the most dangerous hackers in the world, where
it took over ten million dollars from Citibank, which is one of the
largest banks worldwide in 1994, the first process in the world that are
stealing money which through the Internet, has been arrested by the Russian authorities and the cooperation of the US Rossi.
It was mislead the security forces transferred the stolen funds to the
United States, Russia and Israel through his personal account, and was
sentenced to 3 years, and after his release from prison became a
businessman in Lithuania.
Fred Cohen
Is
the architect and the world of US citizenship computer, the first
inventor of the virus, which causes the destruction of any personal
computer, the first virus was invented was called (Parasitic
Application) which can be controlled on any personal computer, he could
destroy it completely, but strangely in the life of this person that now owned company engaged in the protection of information on personal accounts.
So be "Fred Cohen," is fond of inventions and the draft graduating
talked about viruses and discussed the self-cloning software, which
began including in his career to be a hacker.
Kevin Poulsen, "Hacker dark"
It is one of the most hackers Americans, and a journalist who
specializes current digital security, Fbera in the hack and acquisitions
on all phone lines to a radio station in Los Angeles and announced that
the number of the caller 102 will win a prize of a Porsche.
So
he hacked phone lines for the radio station to win the award, and then
he then hacked base Federal Bureau data, prompting the authorities to
prosecute and arrest him in 1991, and has been charged with seven
counts, including hacking, money laundering, fraud and obstruction of
justice, was sentenced to imprisonment for 51 months and fined to $ 5,600, and after spending a duration in prison came out and worked as a journalist at the news of the information.
Marc son
Is
the smallest Hacker US dollars, he was able to sneak into computers
that would enable access to the Internet via fixed telephone, and Holm
beyond the age of nine, learning in his childhood many programming
languages, which enabled him to rob a hardware, was arrested for 35
months in one of the prisons United States of America.
Nahishon Ivan Shim
Is
the first person to be arrested in Australia in the crime of special
computers, was a member of a team of hackers who had their goal is to
sequence both the ministries of defense sites to view confidential
information about nuclear weapons, which it succeeded, but Australian
police was able to detect his true identity , he was arrested and sentenced to a year in jail crime websites.
Adrian Lamo "homeless hacker"
Hacker is the US originally received considerable attention from the
media, when he managed to sneak into some high-level computer networks,
including the New York Times site, Yahoo and Microsoft newspaper.
He was arrested in 2003 and after his release in 2010, where he was
involved in the case of Wikileaks, when leaking hundreds of thousands of
sensitive documents of the Government of the United States to be
arrested again.
And
the title of Adrian Lamo b «homeless hacker» because he was tempted to
use the cafes, libraries and Internet cafes as bases for its piracy, and
the majority of its activities based on breaking into computer networks
and then reporting firms that own these programs shortcomings therein,
and the more work led him to fame when he broke into the New York Times database and added his name to
own experts database, he also used the account to Lexis Nexis newspaper
to gain access to confidential details of some of the salient issues,
and it seems that his penchant for sneaking sites famous newspapers is
what made him studying journalism now.
Robert Tappan Morris
Is an entrepreneur and scientist in the field of computer, US
citizenship became famous as the "Morris worm" when he invented a worm
was designed to find out how many Internet-connected devices.
But
he lost control of the worm invented by reaching the losses to 500
thousand dollars, where the virus infected about 6,000 computers were
affiliated to the university, and although it is said in the
investigation that it did not intend invented to destroy anything, but
under the Fraud and Abuse Astkham computer law was sentenced to spend 3 years probation and spend 4,000 hours in community service, in
addition to a fine for causing losses estimated in the millions.
Hamza bindelladj
Algerian nationality and is considered one of the most dangerous
hacker who are at the international level, he was arrested in Thailand
in 2013, after a long search for 3 years of Investigation Interpol.
It was of the most serious hacker wanted by the United States, and was deported to the United States some of the arrested. In Thailand by the FBI.
The piracy Hamza Ali 217 Bank by piracy, and the looting of banks
Hawwaa $ 4 billion, including the deployment of nearly 280 million
dollars on some charities, mostly in Palestine and some are in poor
African countries.
It also has control over nearly 8,000 French site and Oglgahm fully,
and slapping on some European consulates sites and distributed visas
free of charge to young Algerians to travel to Europe.
The class Hamza of the most dangerous hacker because of the leading
sites riddled were among sites of the Israeli government, which then
made the deployment of Israel's planned towards Palestine, and despite
Israel's offer his mediation with the United States to release him in
exchange for immunization Zionist sites sensitive but he refused and
preferred to stay in prison.
As
for the punishment he received Hamza Vtdharepett rumors about that, but
some media reported that the penalty amounted to a death sentence and
it has been implementing the provision, but the US ambassador in Algiers
John Bolachik has denied the rumors about the execution of the Algerian
hacker Hamza bin Dlaj, stressing that the crimes where the accused Hamza is not punishable by death, and the sentence of imprisonment is the maximum prosecuted by hackers.
"Cyber-Terrorist Saudi hacker"
Is
the hacker Saudi nationality by his nickname «Cyber Terrorist», is
one of the most popular and powerful Arab hackers, has the title of
Bakahr Jews to penetrate many of the specialized security and protection
and computer systems, such as Microsoft and Casper global positioning,
and succeeded in penetrating many banks and big corporations sites as
well as a painter site Danish, who offended the Prophet, has died of a severe asthma attack in April 2012.
"Hacker Egyptian" Dr.Silent Hill
Celent is a hacker Doctor Is it stronger hackers in Egypt, which belongs to the team ".Hacker Egypt Team"
Where in 2009 he hacked more than 100 sale and purchase of an Israeli site has affected economically this hack on Israel.
He also has done a crackdown on the Danish sites were able to
penetrate more than 200 million US site because of the state of Denmark
Maflth of insulting the Prophet, and it was also a specialist in
penetration porn sites.
Virtual reality, careful eyes
A big visual fatigue, potentially toxic blue light: virtual reality headsets, democratizing, have their flaws
Oculus Rift Facebook, Gear VR Samsung Vive Pre HTC or Sony PlayStation RV ... All the heavyweights of virtual reality market their products in 2016. These much-anticipated helmets promise new video game and movie experiences 3D and 360 degree immersing the user in a virtual world, his vision is reduced to a screen placed on his nose.
Read also: With the new headphones from Samsung, virtual reality makes a giant leap
Like any technology, these headsets raise questions about their health effects or risks they entail, especially for the eyes. The instructions for the Oculus Rift and suggest taking at least 10 to 15 minute break every hour, and does not recommend the use of helmets for children under 13 years. Samsung has similar recommendations.
But these tips are nothing scientific to speak of. "Everything is going very fast, there is no significant clinical study on the subject," says Pierre-Francois Kaeser, head of the unit strabology and pediatric ophthalmology at Jules Gonin Eye Hospital in Lausanne.
Doctors, however, have a certain perspective on the subject, the first commercial models of virtual reality helmets having arrived on the shelves in mid 1990. In 1997, a team from the University of Loughborough in England already addressed the issue visual disturbances hitting some users.
Squinting to infinity
Today, technology has not really changed, except that the graphics performance and display are more advanced. 3D
requires "all warnings related to the use of 3D glasses also apply to
virtual reality helmets," warns Pierre-Francois Kaeser. At issue, decoupling between accommodation and convergence. Look at an object close: the lens, our natural lens, makes the development above: it is the accommodation. Simultaneously, both eyes "squint" to the object in order to avoid seeing in duplicate: the convergence. Both phenomena allow us to see a single image, net, even near.
Most times, it is a transient visual discomfort more than a real pathology. And to my knowledge there is no damage in the long term.
In
"Avatar" as in games in virtual reality, the process is the same: each
eye gets its own track images slightly offset in space, and the brain,
fooling rebuilt itself a depth image. This is where the problems begin. When a dinosaur emerges from the screen, the eyes converge on it to follow. They
have the reflex to adapt their range of accommodation to keep the focus
on the saurian that moves away from the screen and is approaching us. Except that in reality it has never left the screen! Accommodate about his supposed distance would make the whole scene ... blurred. To continue to see the film significantly, eyes operate a decoupling
between convergence and accommodation: they aim dinosaur but keep the
focus on the screen.Children, an issue
"This
non-physiological phenomenon partly explains the nausea that can be
felt with the use of a virtual reality helmet, says Pierre-Francois
Kaeser. But mostly, it is a transient visual discomfort more than a real pathology. And to my knowledge, there is no damage in the long term. "
And
the specialist added that the situation is different in people already
suffering from vision problems, including strabismus (which prevents
perceive the 3D), and also in children, we imagine fond of this kind of
gadgets. The visual system is not mature at birth, better to avoid exposing small before a certain age. Which? Hard to say because we do not know when the visual system completes its development. Still, that "subjecting children to such abnormal stimuli and
especially long term may fear the appearance of damage," Dr. Kaeser
fears.Blue light, a potential danger to the retina
Scientific Director of the French Society of Ophthalmology, Gilles Renard agrees. He recently warned against another risk to users of virtual reality
headsets: to irreversibly damage the retina, because of blue light.
Until recently, most of the daily displays were of the LCD type, ie LCD. In these devices, the light that reaches the eye is emitted from the back of the screen by neon or LED. This white light embraces all colors of the rainbow sky and poses no particular problem.
OLED displays are potentially toxic, especially to children.
But
things change in recent years with the arrival of a new display
technology: the OLED screens, which equip an increasing number of
smartphones, some TVs but also virtually every virtual reality helmets. "OLED displays are potentially toxic, especially to children," warned Gilles Renard.
In these devices, each pixel is an LED can emit any color. Or some shades of blue - situated in a wavelength range of 415-450 nanometers - have a toxic effect to the retina. "This
type of light destroys the cells of the retina, located at the back of
the eye, with a cumulative effect if repeated exposures," says Gilles
Renard. Toxicity is proven in studies in animals. It is quite possible that this is also the case in humans, although it is only a hypothesis. "
The
ophthalmologist says further that the effects of blue light are even
more toxic than the distance to the screen is reduced and the exposure
time is long. Two risk factors are greatly favored by virtual reality helmets where
the display is located within 5 cm of the eyes and where the hours tend
to spin ...The game nauseum
But
the most commonly encountered adverse effect is undoubtedly the
"cybersickness" or "bad virtual reality", which causes nausea and
vomiting. It is partly related to the visual system and is due to a disorder of the system that can locate in the space. Normally, the brain uses three data sources to inform the agency on its position and movement: the inner ear, muscles and eyes. But
once the helmet on the head, "the eyes indicate that you are in a
roller coaster, but the inner ear and the muscles say that this is not
the case: the inconsistency of sensory information causes nausea,"
explains Pierre-Francois Kaeser.In conclusion: the importance of common sense
Virtual reality therefore is not really well with the eyes. But nothing to worry about beyond measure, say doctors. Just use common sense: do not allow children to use these headphones
without supervision, take regular breaks to rest your eyes, and to try
the equipment before purchasing.
Builders are in any case reluctant to communicate on the subject. Facebook
said no word of the negative effects, for Samsung, the agency that
manages the communication has not responded to our requests for
interviews. This
does not mean that nothing is done to address these problems on the
blue light, software such as F. lux possible for example to reduce
exposure to the most harmful wavelengths. Optical
filters should also help to accommodate vision myopic and astigmatic,
although for this there will probably opt for the higher-end models. As for possible long-term effects, we must be patient to get a clear
idea: "They will be monitored, but we will not know anything for fifty
years," Gilles Renard slides.
Read also: "The risk is that virtual reality we really cutting real life"Towards a new "Wii effect"?
If the virtual reality helmets can raise questions as to their effect
on the eyes, physical accidents may well be the most common, and perhaps
the most serious.
Marketed
in 2006, the Nintendo Wii has been popularized as much for its
excellent games for the numerous accidents in which she was involved. In the heat of the moment, many levers smashed television screens, and
many budding athletes have ended up in hospital after breaking bones in
parts of sports games.
The virtual reality helmets should resurrect what has sometimes been called "the effect Wii." Once the headgear installed, it sees absolutely nothing of its environment. Furniture, pets, or just the cables connecting the headphones to
the computer are transformed into so many obstacles that can cause
serious accidents.
